Research on policy system and circular economy path for plastic pollution control
塑料污染治理政策体系与循环经济路径研究

摘要

塑料污染作为全球性环境问题，已对海洋生态、土壤健康和人类健康造成严重威胁。近年来，随着塑料产量持续增长，污染治理迫在眉睫。国际社会通过联合国塑料污染国际文书谈判积极推进全球治理框架，而各国纷纷出台政策措施，推动从生产源头到废弃物管理的全生命周期管控。中国在“双碳”目标和生态文明建设背景下，将塑料污染治理纳入政府工作报告，并大力发展循环经济以实现资源高效循环利用。本综述系统梳理了2021-2025年前沿研究成果，聚焦塑料污染治理政策体系的构建与优化，以及循环经济路径的理论与实践探索。政策体系方面，涵盖国际公约、国家法律法规、地方执行机制和经济激励工具；循环经济路径则强调减量化设计、可重复利用系统、机械与化学回收、再制造及生物基替代等创新模式。通过文献分析，揭示政策与循环经济实践的协同机制。研究表明，当前治理政策正从末端治理向源头预防和系统转型，循环经济路径在技术进步和制度创新驱动下显现出显著的环境与经济效益。然而，仍面临法规协调性不足、回收体系不完善、技术成本高昂以及利益相关者参与度不均等问题。未来需加强国际合作、完善生产者责任延伸制度、推动数字赋能与绿色技术融合，以构建闭环塑料经济体系。本研究为完善中国塑料污染治理政策框架、加速循环经济发展提供理论支撑和决策参考，对实现可持续发展目标具有重要启示。

Abstract

Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental issue, posing severe threats to marine ecosystems, soil health, and human well-being. With the continuous increase in plastic production, effective governance has become urgent. The international community is advancing a global governance framework through negotiations on the UN international instrument on plastic pollution, while countries have introduced policies for lifecycle management from production to waste. In the context of its “dual carbon” goals and ecological civilization construction, China has incorporated plastic pollution control into its government work report and vigorously promotes the circular economy for efficient resource cycling. This review systematically examines frontier research from 2021 to 2025, focusing on the construction and optimization of plastic pollution governance policy systems and the theoretical and practical exploration of circular economy pathways. The policy system encompasses international conventions, national laws and regulations, local implementation mechanisms, and economic incentive tools. Circular economy pathways emphasize innovative models such as reduction design, reusable systems, mechanical and chemical recycling, remanufacturing, and bio-based alternatives. Through literature analysis, the synergistic mechanisms between policies and circular practices are revealed. The findings indicate that current governance policies are transitioning from end-of-pipe treatment to source prevention and systemic transformation. Circular economy pathways demonstrate significant environmental and economic benefits driven by technological and institutional innovations. However, challenges persist, including insufficient regulatory coordination, imperfect recycling systems, high technical costs, and uneven stakeholder engagement. Future efforts should strengthen international cooperation, improve extended producer responsibility systems, and integrate digital empowerment with green technologies to build a closed-loop plastic economy. This study provides theoretical support and policy recommendations for refining China’s plastic pollution governance framework and accelerating circular economy development, offering valuable insights for achieving sustainable development goals.