摘要
在碳达峰与碳中和目标约束下，环境政策工具的结构选择与组合方式已成为影响减排效率与经济转型质量的重要变量。既有研究多从单一政策工具出发分析其效果，但在复杂转型情境中，不同工具之间的协同机制往往决定整体政策绩效。本文在梳理国内外相关研究的基础上，引入政策工具分类理论与“波特假说”（Porter Hypothesis）框架，分析命令控制型、市场激励型与信息引导型工具在不同阶段的功能定位及其互动逻辑。研究认为：在制度初期阶段，行政规制具有基础性约束作用；在市场机制逐步成熟阶段，碳定价工具应发挥资源配置主导功能；同时，技术创新激励机制是实现长期减排与经济增长协调的关键。文章进一步提出阶段性与区域差异化的政策组合优化路径，为完善我国“双碳”政策体系提供理论依据。
关键词： 双碳目标；环境政策工具；政策组合；碳达峰；碳中和；绿色转型
Abstract
Under the profound transformation of global climate governance and China's transition toward high-quality economic development, the "dual carbon" goals—carbon peaking and carbon neutrality—have become central strategic priorities for ecological civilization construction and industrial upgrading. Environmental policy instruments serve as critical institutional mechanisms to achieve these goals, and their structural configuration and combinational design directly determine mitigation efficiency and economic performance. In practice, China has implemented a mixture of command-and-control, market-based, and information-oriented instruments. However, issues such as policy fragmentation, structural imbalance, insufficient coordination, and weak dynamic adaptability persist, constraining overall policy effectiveness. Drawing upon recent frontier studies in both domestic and international literature, this paper systematically reviews the evolution logic and theoretical foundations of environmental policy instruments under the dual carbon framework. An analytical framework for policy instrument combination is constructed from three dimensions: synergy mechanism, stage-adaptation mechanism, and regional differentiation mechanism. The study finds that: (1) single policy instruments are insufficient to simultaneously achieve emission reduction and economic growth objectives, necessitating complementary policy mixes; (2) optimized combinations should follow a structural logic characterized by market orientation, governmental guidance, financial support, and technological innovation; and (3) dynamic evaluation and scenario simulation mechanisms are essential for adaptive adjustment and differentiated regional allocation of policy instruments. The findings provide systematic theoretical support and practical pathways for improving China's environmental governance system and enhancing policy effectiveness toward carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
Key words： Dual Carbon goals; Environmental policy instruments; Policy mix optimization; Carbon peaking; Carbon neutrality; Green transition
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