Practice of marine ecological space use control under the background of “multi-planning” and management suggestions
“多规合一”背景下海洋生态空间用途管制实践及管理建议

摘要

针对我国海洋空间“多规打架”导致资源配置低效、地方规划权威性与稳定性不足的问题，2022年《全国国土空间规划纲要（2021—2035年）》作为首部国家级“多规合一”国土空间规划印发实施，标志着海洋空间规划体系的重大转型。本文系统梳理了从“多规并行”向“多规合一”转变的背景，重点分析了《纲要》实施以来形成的“五级三类”海洋空间规划体系及其构建的基本格局。在此基础上，研究进一步从空间准入与执法监督机制优化、保护地科学选划与生态预警监测体系建设、问题导向与目标导向协同统一等关键维度，提出了完善海洋空间管理的对策建议，旨在为“多规合一”背景下海域资源的可持续开发利用提供理论支撑。

Abstract

To address issues such as inefficient resource allocation and insufficient authority and stability of local plans caused by 'conflicts among multiple plans' in China’s marine spatial planning, the National Territorial Spatial Planning Outline (2021–2035), as the first national-level 'integrated multi-plan' territorial spatial plan, was issued and implemented in 2022, marking a significant transformation of the marine spatial planning system. This paper systematically reviews the background of the shift from 'parallel multi-planning' to 'integrated multi-planning,' with a focus on analyzing the 'five-tier, three-category' marine spatial planning system and the fundamental spatial structure established since the Outline’s implementation. Building on this, the study further proposes countermeasures for improving marine spatial management from key dimensions including: optimizing spatial access and law enforcement supervision mechanisms, scientifically selecting protected areas and establishing ecological early warning and monitoring systems, and achieving synergy between problem-oriented and objective-oriented approaches. These recommendations aim to provide theoretical support for the sustainable development and utilization of marine resources under the 'integrated multi-planning' framework."